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Portraits in the Revolutionary Age

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The French Revolution initially caused difficulties for portraitists, as their clients went into exile or were executed. The court painter Joseph Ducreux himself fled in 1791 to London, where he painted several of his remarkable self-portraits. He returned to Paris the very next year, however, now as a devoted revolutionary and National Guardsman. Women artists faced different conditions. By the start of the Revolution they had gained more freedom, but this was soon completely curtailed, leaving them worse off than under the ancien régime. Portraiture, though, offered them a source of income.

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The collections are presented chronologically, and follow an imaginary timeline through the museum. Click below to discover some some of the artworks.

Objektlista

Selfportrait, called Le Silence (The Silence)

Artist: Joseph Ducreux

Title: Selfportrait, called Le Silence (The Silence)

Description:

When Joseph Ducreux was sent to Vienna in 1769 to paint Archduchess Marie-Antoinette’s portrait before her marriage to the French dauphin (the future Louis XVI), his fortune was assured. He was made a baron and appointed court painter. Ducreux specialised in portraits, in both pastels and oils. Fewer than 20 self-portraits are known, some six of them physiognomic in character. These two paintings are therefore very rare examples of his work.
Datafält Värde
Title Selfportrait, called Le Silence (The Silence)
Artist Joseph Ducreux, French, dead 1802-07-24, born 1735-06-26
Technique/Material Oil on canvas
Dimensions Dimensions 66,5 x 52,5 cm
Dating Made 1790s
Acquisition Purchase 2018 Sophia Giesecke Fund
Inventory number NM 7495
Selfportrait, called La Surprise (The surprise)

Artist: Joseph Ducreux

Title: Selfportrait, called La Surprise (The surprise)

Description:

When Joseph Ducreux was sent to Vienna in 1769 to paint Archduchess Marie-Antoinette’s portrait before her marriage to the French dauphin (the future Louis XVI), his fortune was assured. He was made a baron and appointed court painter. Ducreux specialised in portraits, in both pastels and oils. Fewer than 20 self-portraits are known, some six of them physiognomic in character. These two paintings are therefore very rare examples of his work.
Datafält Värde
Title Selfportrait, called La Surprise (The surprise)
Artist Joseph Ducreux, French, dead 1802-07-24, born 1735-06-26
Technique/Material Oil on canvas
Dimensions 65,2 x 51,2 cm (Bärande underlag), Dimensions 66,5 x 52,5 cm (Dubbleringsduk)
Dating Made 1790s
Acquisition Purchase 2018 Sophia Giesecke Fund
Inventory number NM 7496
Portrait of a Female Artist

Artist: Marie-Victoire Lemoine

Title: Portrait of a Female Artist

Description:

Marie-Victoire Lemoine was for a long time one of the neglected artists of revolutionary France. In this portrait of a woman artist in her studio, the subject has put away her tools to read for a while. There has been speculation that the sitter may have been one of the artist’s sisters, Marie-Denise Villers or Marie-Élisabeth Gabiou, as the same figure appears in her self-portrait in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Datafält Värde
Title Portrait of a Female Artist
Artist Marie-Victoire Lemoine, French, born 1754, dead 1820-12-02
Technique/Material Oil on canvas
Dimensions Dimensions 91 x 73,5 cm, Frame 108 x 90 cm
Dating c. 1797
Acquisition Purchase 2016 Hedda and N.D. Qvist Fund
Inventory number NM 7332
Catherine-Flore Pajou, the Artist's daughter, presumed portrait

Artist: Augustin Pajou

Title: Catherine-Flore Pajou, the Artist's daughter, presumed portrait

Description:

The subject of this terracotta bust has been identified from a comparison with a contemporary pastel portrait by Labille-Guiard. Pajou’s sensitive rendering of the face makes this one of his finest works. Catherine-Flore Pajou was the sculptor’s second daughter, married at a young age to her father’s much older colleague, Clodion. She divorced him, remarried in 1795, and divorced again eight years later. Catherine-Flore Pajou died in 1841.
Datafält Värde
Title Catherine-Flore Pajou, the Artist's daughter, presumed portrait
Artist Augustin Pajou, French, born 1730, dead 1809, Attributed to
Technique/Material Terracotta
Dimensions Dimensions 52,5 cm
Acquisition Purchase 2002 Hedda and N. D. Qvist Fund
Inventory number NMSk 2335
Portrait of a woman looking to the right

Artist: Joseph Ducreux

Title: Portrait of a woman looking to the right

Description:

Ducreux masterfully infuses vibrant life into the woman’s gaze. There is a naturalistic element here, characterised by the artist’s ability to capture an emotional state and make it unmistakably tangible to the viewer. This was typical of the pastellist and miniaturist Ducreux, who is also famous for his animated portraits in oil.
Datafält Värde
Title Portrait of a woman looking to the right
Artist Joseph Ducreux, French, dead 1802-07-24, born 1735-06-26, Attributed to
Technique/Material Pencil, black chalk heightened with white on paper
Dimensions Dimensions 35 x 24,6 cm, Frame 56,2 x 46,4 x 3,5 cm , Passepartout 47,5 x 37,5 cm
Dating c. 1775
Acquisition Purchase 2017 Magda and Max Ettler Fund
Inventory number NMH 8/2018
Anne Ducreux, b. Béliard, the Artist's Mother

Artist: Joseph Ducreux

Title: Anne Ducreux, b. Béliard, the Artist's Mother

Description:

Joseph Ducreux, who may have studied under Maurice Quentin de La Tour, was an extremely accomplished pastellist, as his technically brilliant portrait of his mother makes clear. The artist has even allowed the support to shine through. Also typical is Ducreux’s interest in physiognomic details, which in this case reveal a similarity to his own expressive eyes.
Datafält Värde
Title Anne Ducreux, b. Béliard, the Artist's Mother
Artist Joseph Ducreux, French, dead 1802-07-24, born 1735-06-26
Technique/Material Pastel
Dimensions Dimensions 72 x 58 cm, Frame 99 x 79 cm
Acquisition Purchase 2016 Wiros Fund
Inventory number NMB 2703
Portrait of a young girl, reading a book

Artist: Antoine Jean Gros

Title: Portrait of a young girl, reading a book

Description:

Gros is now chiefly associated with the heroic painting of the Napoleonic era, but in his youth he was influenced not only by his teacher David, but also by Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun. This is particularly clear in this virtuoso portrait study of a girl with a book in her hand. Gros soon received commissions for portraits of members of the National Convention, the leading politicians of the French Revolution. In 1793, during the Reign of Terror, he left Paris, not returning until eight years later.
Datafält Värde
Title Portrait of a young girl, reading a book
Artist Antoine Jean Gros, French, born 1771-03-16, dead 1835-06-26
Technique/Material Black chalk on paper
Dimensions Passepartout 55 x 42 cm, Dimensions 20,5 x 14,7 cm
Dating Made 1790
Acquisition Inköp 2014 Wirosfonden
Inventory number NMH 60/2014